what和that的用法区别

复合句式重难点-what和that的用法区别

　许多同学在学习复合句和特殊句式时，都会为“that”和“what”的选择而头疼， 感觉这两个连接性词语辨别起来“有点乱”。你也不妨先做一做下面几个题，看看你能否把他们分清：
1.A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago.

A. what B. which C. that D. where

2.Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.

A. that B. which C. what D. as

3.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action.

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

4.It is what you do rather than what you say _______ matters.

A. that B. what C. which D. this

5.His plan was such a good one _________ we all agreed to accept it.

A. so B. and C. that D. as

上面5个题中的前四个题，在选项中都同时出现了what和that，如何选择呢？

第1题为答案A。考查名词从句连接代词what的运用。“十年前是一片荒地的地方建起了一座现代化的城市”。作介词in的宾语不能用that，因为名词从句中that不做任何成分；连接代词what引导一个宾语从句，“是一个什么样的地方”；

第2题为答案A。考查定词从句关系代词that的运用，“因为记忆不好，你告诉我的，我都给忘了”。句中先行词为“all”，that为关系代词，意指all，在从句中做宾语；

第3题答案为B。考查名词从句从属连词that的运用。“…他很得意自己是个干事的人。”陈述了一个事实，故选择从属连词that

第4题为答案A。考查强调句结构中的that。“It is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (who) + 其他成分。”

第5题为答案C。考查结果状语从句中的从属连词that。“他的计划非常好，我们都同意接受。”

从上面的分析中，我们不难看出，“that”一词非常活跃，在定语从句、名词从句、状语从句和强调句中都有使用；而命题设项时，“what”又常常用来作为干扰，因此，要想辨清“that” 和“what”这两个词，突破复合句式的这个难点，就要注意：

一、定语从句的关系代词中没有what，因此要牢记what不会引导定语从句。

例如：

1.The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad.

A.that B.all that C.all what D.which

答案为B。这里的all是先行词，而that是关系代词，在从句中做主语。许多同学将此题误选成了C。需要注意的是，C选项前面要是去掉all，则变成了what引导的名词从句，则就是对的了。

2.You can only be sure of_____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ___ you might get in the future. [2007 安徽卷]

A. that; what B. what; /

C. which; that D. /; that

答案为B。前